Macron also said that an additional 10 billion euros would go towards the programme of 50 clauses, which he described as "the ecology of France".

The plan aims to tackle the climate crisis while ensuring that France remains competitive in agriculture and industry.

"France is reducing our dependence on so-called fossil fuels, coal, petrol and gas, which we no longer produce but which we depend on," Macron said. "The goal is to reduce dependence to 40% by 2030. "The priority we have set is to completely end the use of coal for our electricity production by January 2027," he added.

Measures included in the plan are accelerating the production of electric cars with brakes on gas boilers, new wind farm projects, the opening of electric battery factories in northern France, a map to identify where natural resources can be found, a governmental investment of 700 million euros in the regional railway network. The companies believed to be responsible for 50 of dirtiest industrial sites in France are set to sign a deal to cut down pollution by 45% before 2030.

Next month, the state will get back the control over electricity prices. People will be encouraged to look for alternatives such as heat pumps – as the promise is to triple pump production over the next three years and train 30,000 new installers.

The plan was drawn up by Prime Minister Elizabeth Bourne. She presented it to party leaders and environmental groups last week, some of whom described it as disappointing.